Russian WWII propaganda poster. “A sniper’s shot comes from afar, but it is always true.”
The majority of historians consider the bitter Russian winters to have been one of the biggest factors in Hitler’s failure in the Battle of Stalingrad. However, recent studies have revealed two other significant reasons for that unlikely victory on the part of the Russians. Winter certainly had a lot to do with it - the Russian army was far better dressed than the metal-helmet-wearing Germans, among other things.
Another reason was the physics of German shelling. The damages to the buildings in the first round of the blitz were severe, but the carcasses of structures that were left standing were not as susceptible the second time around, which created the perfect environment of barricades, tunnels, alleys and hiding places for urban guerrilla warfare.
And the third reason? Snipers. In the majority of Western countries, including Germany, snipers were regarded as the lowest rung of the armed forces. The very nature of their job, no matter how necessary, was considered dishonorable, and thus not a lot of men signed up for sniping training. Whereas in Russia, sniping was a survival technique. In Siberia, it was the most efficient way to hunt, and snipers were trained indiscriminately of gender and lauded as highly prized and skilled forces in the army. Thus, the German army was no match for the Russian BAMFs with rifles who came out of nowhere and vanished with no trace, terrorizing in what the Nazis thought was an already defeated city.
I highly recommend the History Channel’s Battlefield Detectives: Stalingrad documentary for more information on this topic.